Advanced Control of Aircraft, Spacecraft and Rockets

Advanced Control of Aircraft, Spacecraft and Rockets
introduces the reader to the concepts of modern control theory
applied to the design and analysis of general flight control
systems in a concise and mathematically rigorous style. It presents
a comprehensive treatment of both atmospheric and space flight
control systems including aircraft, rockets (missiles and launch
vehicles), entry vehicles and spacecraft (both orbital and attitude
control). The broad coverage of topics emphasizes the synergies
among the various flight control systems and attempts to show their
evolution from the same set of physical principles as well as their
design and analysis by similar mathematical tools. In addition,
this book presents state-of-art control system design methods -
including multivariable, optimal, robust, digital and nonlinear
strategies - as applied to modern flight control systems.

Advanced Control of Aircraft, Spacecraft and Rockets
features worked examples and problems at the end of each chapter as
well as a number of MATLAB / Simulink examples housed on an
accompanying website at http://home.iitk.ac.in/~ashtew that are
realistic and representative of the state-of-the-art in flight
control.

Autorentext
Ashish Tewari is a Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the IIT-Kanpur. He specializes in flight mechanics and control, and his research areas include attitude dynamics and control, re-entry flight dynamics and control, non-linear optimal control and active control of flexible flight and structures. He has authored 2 books Atmospheric and Space Flight Dynamics and Modern Control Design with MATLAB and SIMULINK, and over 40 refereed journal and conference papers.

Zusammenfassung
Advanced Control of Aircraft, Spacecraft and Rockets introduces the reader to the concepts of modern control theory applied to the design and analysis of general flight control systems in a concise and mathematically rigorous style. It presents a comprehensive treatment of both atmospheric and space flight control systems including aircraft, rockets (missiles and launch vehicles), entry vehicles and spacecraft (both orbital and attitude control). The broad coverage of topics emphasizes the synergies among the various flight control systems and attempts to show their evolution from the same set of physical principles as well as their design and analysis by similar mathematical tools. In addition, this book presents state-of-art control system design methods - including multivariable, optimal, robust, digital and nonlinear strategies - as applied to modern flight control systems. Advanced Control of Aircraft, Spacecraft and Rockets features worked examples and problems at the end of each chapter as well as a number of MATLAB / Simulink examples housed on an accompanying website at http://home.iitk.ac.in/~ashtew that are realistic and representative of the state-of-the-art in flight control.

Inhalt
Series Preface xiii Preface xv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Notation and Basic Definitions 1

1.2 Control Systems 3

1.2.1 Linear Tracking Systems 7

1.2.2 Linear Time-Invariant Tracking Systems 9

1.3 Guidance and Control of Flight Vehicles 10

1.4 Special Tracking Laws 13

1.4.1 Proportional Navigation Guidance 13

1.4.2 Cross-Product Steering 16

1.4.3 Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control 19

1.5 Digital Tracking System 24

1.6 Summary 25

Exercises 26

References 28

2 Optimal Control Techniques 29

2.1 Introduction 29

2.2 Multi-variable Optimization 31

2.3 Constrained Minimization 33

2.3.1 Equality Constraints 34

2.3.2 Inequality Constraints 38

2.4 Optimal Control of Dynamic Systems 41

2.4.1 Optimality Conditions 43

2.5 The Hamiltonian and the Minimum Principle 44

2.5.1 HamiltonJacobiBellman Equation 45

2.5.2 Linear Time-Varying System with Quadratic Performance Index 47

2.6 Optimal Control with End-Point State Equality Constraints 48

2.6.1 EulerLagrange Equations 50

2.6.2 Special Cases 50

2.7 Numerical Solution of Two-Point Boundary Value Problems 52

2.7.1 Shooting Method 54

2.7.2 Collocation Method 57

2.8 Optimal Terminal Control with Interior Time Constraints 61

2.8.1 Optimal Singular Control 62

2.9 Tracking Control 63

2.9.1 Neighboring Extremal Method and Linear Quadratic Control 64

2.10 Stochastic Processes 69

2.10.1 Stationary Random Processes 75

2.10.2 Filtering of Random Noise 77

2.11 Kalman Filter 77

2.12 Robust Linear Time-Invariant Control 81

2.12.1 LQG/LTR Method 82

2.12.2 H*2/H?E?E *Design Methods 89

2.13 Summary 96

Exercises 98

References 101

3 Optimal Navigation and Control of Aircraft 103

3.1 Aircraft Navigation Plant 104

3.1.1 Wind Speed and Direction 110

3.1.2 Navigational Subsystems 112

3.2 Optimal Aircraft Navigation 115

3.2.1 Optimal Navigation Formulation 116

3.2.2 Extremal Solution of the Boundary-Value Problem: Long-Range Flight Example 119

3.2.3 Great Circle Navigation 121

3.3 Aircraft Attitude Dynamics 128

3.3.1 Translational and Rotational Kinetics 132

3.3.2 Attitude Relative to the Velocity Vector 135

3.4 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments 136

3.5 Longitudinal Dynamics 139

3.5.1 Longitudinal Dynamics Plant 142

3.6 Optimal Multi-variable Longitudinal Control 145

3.7 Multi-input Optimal Longitudinal Control 147

3.8 Optimal Airspeed Control 148

3.8.1 LQG/LTR Design Example 149

3.8.2 H?E?E Design Example 160

3.8.3 Altitude and Mach Control 166

3.9 Lateral-Directional Control Systems 173

3.9.1 Lateral-Directional Plant 173

3.9.2 Optimal Roll Control 177

3.9.3 Multi-variable Lateral-Directional Control: Heading-Hold Autopilot 180

3.10 Optimal Control of Inertia-Coupled Aircraft Rotation 183

3.11 Summary 189

Exercises 192

References 194

4 Optimal Guidance of Rockets 195 4....