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Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy
Evolution and Adaptation
Second Edition
Ann B. Butler and William Hodos
The Second Edition of this landmark text presents a broad survey of
comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy at the introductory level,
representing a unique contribution to the field of evolutionary
neurobiology. It has been extensively revised and updated, with
substantially improved figures and diagrams that are used
generously throughout the text. Through analysis of the variation
in brain structure and function between major groups of
vertebrates, readers can gain insight into the evolutionary history
of the nervous system. The text is divided into three
sections:
Introduction to evolution and variation, including a survey of
cell structure, embryological development, and anatomical
organization of the central nervous system; phylogeny and diversity
of brain structures; and an overview of various theories of brain
evolution
Systematic, comprehensive survey of comparative neuroanatomy
across all major groups of vertebrates
Overview of vertebrate brain evolution, which integrates the
complete text, highlights diversity and common themes, broadens
perspective by a comparison with brain structure and evolution of
invertebrate brains, and considers recent data and theories of the
evolutionary origin of the brain in the earliest vertebrates,
including a recently proposed model of the origin of the brain in
the earliest vertebrates that has received strong support from
newly discovered fossil evidence
Ample material drawn from the latest research has been integrated
into the text and highlighted in special feature boxes, including
recent views on homology, cranial nerve organization and evolution,
the relatively large and elaborate brains of birds in correlation
with their complex cognitive abilities, and the current debate on
forebrain evolution across reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy is geared to upper-level
undergraduate and graduate students in neuroanatomy, but anyone
interested in the anatomy of the nervous system and how it
corresponds to the way that animals function in the world will find
this text fascinating.
Autorentext
Ann B. Butler and William Hodos are the authors of Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation, 2nd Edition, published by Wiley.
Zusammenfassung
Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy
Evolution and Adaptation
Second Edition
Ann B. Butler and William Hodos
The Second Edition of this landmark text presents a broad survey of comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy at the introductory level, representing a unique contribution to the field of evolutionary neurobiology. It has been extensively revised and updated, with substantially improved figures and diagrams that are used generously throughout the text. Through analysis of the variation in brain structure and function between major groups of vertebrates, readers can gain insight into the evolutionary history of the nervous system. The text is divided into three sections:
Overview of vertebrate brain evolution, which integrates the complete text, highlights diversity and common themes, broadens perspective by a comparison with brain structure and evolution of invertebrate brains, and considers recent data and theories of the evolutionary origin of the brain in the earliest vertebrates, including a recently proposed model of the origin of the brain in the earliest vertebrates that has received strong support from newly discovered fossil evidence
Ample material drawn from the latest research has been integrated into the text and highlighted in special feature boxes, including recent views on homology, cranial nerve organization and evolution, the relatively large and elaborate brains of birds in correlation with their complex cognitive abilities, and the current debate on forebrain evolution across reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy is geared to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in neuroanatomy, but anyone interested in the anatomy of the nervous system and how it corresponds to the way that animals function in the world will find this text fascinating.
Inhalt
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
List of Boxes xxi
Part One Evolution and the Organization of the Central Nervous System
1 Evolution and Variation 3
Introduction 3
Diversity Over Time 4
Evolutionary Mechanisms 5
Sameness and Its Biological Significance 8
Analysis of Variation 13
2 Neurons and Sensory Receptors 19
Introduction 19
The Nervous System 19
Neurons and Sensory Receptors 20
Transport Within Neurons 21
Classification of Neurons 21
Synapses 23
Neuronal Populations 26
Receptors and Senses 28
Receptor Types 30
Topographic Organization 43
Receptive Fields 46
The Senses and Evolution of the Central Nervous System 46
3 The Vertebrate Central Nervous System 49
Introduction 49
Development of the Brain 49
The Brain and Spinal Cord 61
Cellular Organization of the Central Nervous System 61
Regional Organization of the Nervous System 63
Major Systems of the Brain 67
Nomenclature of the Brain 69
4 Vertebrate Phylogeny and Diversity in Brain Organization 73
Introduction 73
Vertebrate Phylogeny 74
Two Types of Brain Organization 84
5 Evolution and Adaptation of the Brain Behavior and Intelligence 93
Phylogeny and Adaptation 93
Complexity and Evolution 96
Evolutionary Change 99
Brain Evolution and Behavioral Adaptation 100
Brain Size and Behavioral Adaptation 105
Summary and Conclusions 109
6 Theories of Brain Evolution 113
Introduction 113
Some Common Assumptions 113
Previous Theories of Vertebrate Brain Evolution: Addition of Structures or Areas 114
Previous Theories of Vertebrate Brain Organization: New Formation and Reorganization of Circuits 115
Critique of Previous Theories of Vertebrate Brain Evolution 116
Parcellation Theory 117
Current Theories of Forebrain Evolution 117
Perspective 121
Part Two The Spinal Cord and Hindbrain
7 Overview of Spinal Cord and Hindbrain 127
Overview of the Spinal Cord 127
Overview of the Hindbrain 133
Evolutionary Perspectives on the Spinal Cord and Hindbrain 136
8 The Spinal Cord 139
The Spinal Cords of Nontetrapods 139
The Organization of the Tetrapod Spinal Cord 145
Evolutionary Perspective 152
9 Segmental Organization of the Head Brain and Cranial Nerves 157
Twelve Cranial Nerves 157
The Vertebrate Head: Segmental Organization 158
Theoretical Head Segments 165
Segmental Organization of the Individual Cranial Nerves 166
10 Functional Organization of the Cranial Nerves 173
Introduction 173
The Cranial Nerves and the Spinal Cord 173
The Organization of Sensory and Motor Columns of the Caudal Brainstem 176
Five Cranial Nerves Rostral to the Brainstem 180
General Considerations 181
11 Sensory Cranial Nerves of the Brainstem 183
Introduction 183
Dorsal Cranial Nerves: Sensory Components for General Somatosensory Sensation 183
Ventrolateral Placodal Cranial Nerves: Taste 189
Dorsolateral Cranial Nerves: Lateral Line and Octaval Systems 194
12 Motor Cranial Nerves 205
Introduction 205
Feeding and Swallowing 207
The Acoustic Reflex 213
…