Synthesis and Applications of Copolymers

Understanding the reactivity of monomers is crucial in creating copolymers and determining the outcome of copolymerization. Covering the fundamental aspects of polymerization, Synthesis and Applications of Copolymers explores the reactivity of monomers and reaction conditions that ensure that the newly formed polymeric materials exhibit desired properties. Referencing a wide-range of disciplines, the book provides researchers, students, and scientists with the preparation of a diverse variety of copolymers and their recent developments, with a particular focus on copolymerization, crystallization, and techniques like nanoimprinting and micropatterning.

Autorentext

Anbanadam Parthiban is a Research Scientist at the Institute
of Chemical and Engineering Sciences under the Agency for Science,
Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore. After receiving his
Ph.D. in Chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT),
Madras Dr. Parthiban worked in a corporate R&D Centre
developing thickeners and additives for lubricants. He has 40
journal publications and 9 patents and is an active reviewer of
manuscripts for major polymer journals. He also evaluates proposals
for government funded research agencies.

Klappentext

This book comprehensively covers fundamental aspects of polymerization, emphasizing the synthesis, applications, and advances of copolymers. It focuses on monomers and reaction conditions for newly formed polymeric materials that exhibit desired properties. Providing a broad scope of up-to-date discussion, the book helps readers better understand synthetic methodology and chemistry.

Chapters begin with detailed discussion on synthetic techniques and trends in controlling chain length, functionality, composition, and arrangement as well as developments in copolymerzation. The following chapters focus on topics in polymer processing, from renewable processes and materials to the application of copolymers obtained by fixing carbon dioxide. Several popular applications and tools are covered, including stimuli responsive polymers, pharmaceutical polymers, nano-patterns, self-assembly, microporous materials and polymer-drug conjugates.

Overall, the book introduces experimental advances in an expanding area that can lead to further research and multidisciplinary applications.

Inhalt

Preface xii

Contributors xv

SECTION I SYNTHESIS OF COPOLYMERS 1

1 Trends in Synthetic Strategies for Making (CO)Polymers 3
Anbanandam Parthiban

1.1 Background and Introduction, 3

1.2 Significance of Control Over Arrangement of Monomers in Copolymers, 5

1.3 Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerization, 5

1.3.1 Sequential Self-Repetitive Reaction (SSRR), 6

1.3.2 Poly(phenylene Oxide)s by Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerization, 8

1.3.3 Hydroxybenzoic Acids as AA Type Monomer in Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Polymerization, 8

1.4 Sequence-Controlled Polymerization, 9

1.4.1 Sequence-Controlled Copolymers of N-Substituted Maleimides, 10

1.4.2 Alternating Copolymers by Ring-Opening Polymerization, 10

1.4.3 Selective Radical Addition Assisted by a Template, 11

1.4.4 Alternating AB-Type Sequence-Controlled Polymers, 11

1.4.5 Metal-Templated ABA Sequence Polymerization, 11

1.4.6 Sequence-Controlled Vinyl Copolymers, 12

1.4.7 Sequence-Regulated Polymerization Induced by Dual-Functional Template, 13

1.5 Processing of Thermoset Polymers: Dynamic Bond Forming Processes and Self-Healing Materials, 13

1.5.1 Plasticity of Networked Polymers Induced by Light, 14

1.5.2 Radically Exchangeable Covalent Bonds, 14

1.5.3 Self-Repairing Polyurethane Networks, 15

1.5.4 Temperature-Induced Self-Healing in Polymers, 15

1.5.5 DielsAlder Chemistry at Room Temperature, 15

1.5.6 Trithiocarbonate-Centered Responsive Gels, 16

1.5.7 Shuffling of Trithiocarbonate Units Induced by Light, 16

1.5.8 Processable Organic Networks, 17

1.6 Miscellaneous Developments, 17

1.6.1 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) Promoted by Unimolecular Ligand-Initiator Dual-Functional Systems (ULIS), 17

1.6.2 Unsymmetrical Ion-Pair Comonomers and Polymers, 20

1.6.3 Imidazole-Derived Zwitterionic Polymers, 21

1.6.4 Post-Modification of Polymers Bearing Reactive Pendant Groups, 22

1.7 Conclusion, 23

References, 24

**2 Functional Polyolefins from the Coordination Copolymerization of Vinyl Monomers 29
**Fabio Di Lena and Joao A. S. Bomfim

2.1 Molecular Aspects of Olefin Coordination to Metals, 29

2.2 Fundamentals of Homopolymerization of Alkenes, 30

2.3 Copolymerization of Ethene and other Alkenes, 34

2.4 Copolymerization of Alkenes and Carbon Monoxide, 35

2.5 Copolymerization of Alkenes and Polar Vinyl Monomers, 37

2.5.1 Migratory Insertion Polymerization, 37

2.5.2 Polymerization via a Dual Radical/Migratory Insertion Pathway, 40

2.5.3 Coordinative Group Transfer Polymerization, 41

2.6 Copolymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers and Carbon Monoxide, 41

2.7 Why are PhosphineSulfonate Ligands so Special? 43

2.8 Telechelic and End-Capped Macromolecules, 44

2.9 On the Use of Chemoinformatics for a More Rapid Development of the Field, 44

2.10 Conclusion and Outlook, 45

References, 46

**3 General Aspects of Copolymerization 54
**Alex Van Herk

3.1 Copolymerization in Chain Reactions, 54

3.1.1 Derivation of the Copolymerization Equation, 55

3.1.2 Types of Copolymers, 57

3.1.3 Polymerization Rates in Copolymerizations, 59

3.2 Measuring Copolymerization Parameters, 60

3.3 Influence of Reaction Conditions, 63

3.4 Short-Chain Effects in Copolymerization, 63

3.5 Synthesis of Block Copolymers With Controlled Chain

Architecture, 64

References, 66

**4 Polymers Bearing Reactive, Pendant Cyclic Carbonate (CC) Group: Syntheses, Post-Polymerization Modifications, and Applications 67
**Satyasankar Jana

4.1 Introduction, 67

4.2 Cyclic Carbonate (CC) Monomers and Polymers, 68

4.2.1 Cyclic Carbonate (CC) Monomers and Their Synthesis, 68 4.2.2 Polymerization of Cyclic Carbonate (CC) Monomers, 75&l...