Alternative Energy and Shale Gas Encyclopedia

A comprehensive depository of all information relating to the scientific and technological aspects of Shale Gas and Alternative Energy

• Conveniently arranged by energy type including Shale Gas, Wind, Geothermal, Solar, and Hydropower

• Perfect first-stop reference for any scientist, engineer, or student looking for practical and applied energy information

• Emphasizes practical applications of existing technologies, from design and maintenance, to operating and troubleshooting of energy systems and equipment

• Features concise yet complete entries, making it easy for users to find the required information quickly, without the need to search through long articles

Autorentext
Dr. Jay H. Lehr received the nation's first Ph.D. in Ground Water Hydrology from the University of Arizona in 1962, following a degree in Geological Engineering from Princeton University and a few years in the U.S. Navy's Civil Engineering Corps in the Western Pacific. After Graduate school he taught both at the University of Arizona and Ohio State University before serving 25 years as head of the Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers where he was editor of the Journals of Ground Water and Ground Water Monitoring Review. During that period he continued to perform academic sponsored research in many areas of environmental science. Since 1994 Dr. Lehr has been Science Director of the Heartland Institute, a free market think tank located in Chicago, IL, which, through its many publications, provides objective technical information to elected officials throughout the United States.

Jack Keeley is the former Chief of Groundwater Research at the USEPA Kerr Water Resource Research Laboratory in Ada, Oklahoma.

Inhalt

INTRODUCTION: ENERGY DRIVES EVERYTHING
Howard C. Hayden xi

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xxv

PART I WIND

1 Acceptance of Wind Power: An Introduction to Drivers and Solutions 3
Jacob Ladenburg

2 Wind Power Forecasting Techniques 10
Michael Negnevitsky

3 Maximizing the Loading inWind Turbine Plants: (A) The Betz Limit, (B) Ducting the Turbine 20
D. P. Georgiou and N. G. Theodoropoulos

4 Modeling Wind Turbine Wakes for Wind Farms 28
Angus C. W. Creech and Wolf-Gerrit Fr¨uh

5 Fatigue Failure inWind Turbine Blades 52
Juan C. Marin, Alberto Barroso, Federico Paris, and Jose Canas

6 Floating Wind Turbines: The New Wave in Offshore Wind Power 69
Antoine Peiffer and Dominique Roddier

7 Wind PowerAeole Turns Marine 80
Roger H. Charlier and Alexandre C. Thys

8 Impacts of Wind Farms on Weather and Climate at Local and Global Scales 88
Justin J. Traiteur and Somnath Baidya Roy

9 Power Curves and Turbulent Flow Characteristics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 104
Kevin Pope and Greg F. Naterer

10 Windmill Brake State Models Used in Predicting Wind Turbine Performance 116
Panu Pratumnopharat and Pak Sing Leung

11 Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines and Associated Phenomena 120
Petar Sarajcev

12 Wind Turbine Wake ModelingPossibilities with Actuator Line/Disc Approaches 141
Stefan Ivanell and Robert Mikkelsen

13 Random Cascade Model for Surface Wind Speed 153
R. Baile and J. F. Muzy

14 Wind Power Budget 163
Hugo Abi Karam

15 Identification ofWind Turbines in Closed-Loop Operation in the Presence of Three-Dimensional Turbulence Wind Speed: Torque Demand to Measured Generator Speed Loop 169
Mikel Iribas-Latour and Ion-Dor´e Landau

16 Identification in Closed-Loop Operation of Models for Collective Pitch Robust Controller Design 180
Mikel Iribas-Latour and Ion-Dore Landau

17 Wind BasicsEnergy from Moving Air 194

18 WindChronological Development 201

PART II SOLAR

19 Solar Air Conditioning 205
Winston Garcia-Gabin and Darine Zambrano

20 Energy Performance of Hybrid Cogeneration Versus Side-by-Side Solar Water Heating and Photovoltaic for Subtropical Building Application 212
Tin-Tin Chow, Ka-Kui Tse, and Norman Tse

21 Polycrystalline Silicon for Thin Film Solar Cells 226
Nicolas Budini, Roberto D. Arce, Roman H. Buitrago, and Javier A. Schmidt

22 Solar Basics Energy from the Sun 233

23 NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Solar-Power Research 241

24 Solar Thermal Chronological Development 247

25 Photovoltaic Chronological Development 249

PART III GEOTHERMAL

26 Geothermal: History, Classification, and Utilization for Power Generation 253
Mathew C. Aneke and Mathew C. Menkiti

27 Enhanced Geothermal Systems 265
Rosemarie Mohais, Choashui Xu, Peter A. Dowd, and Martin Hand

28 Thermodynamic Analysis of Geothermal Power Plants 290
Mehmet Kanoglu and Ali Bolatturk

29 Sustainability Assessment of Geothermal Power Generation 301
Annette Evans, Vladimir Strezov, and Tim J. Evans

30 Geothermal Energy and Organic Rankine Cycle Machines 310
Bertrand F. Tchanche

31 Low Temperature Geothermal Energy: Geospatial and Economic Indicators 318
Alberto Gemelli, Adriano Mancini, and Sauro Longhi

32 Dry Cooling Towers for Geothermal Power Plants 333
Zhiqiang Guan, Kamel Hooman, and Hal Gurgenci

33 Thermal Storage 350
Marc A. Rosen

34 Shallow Geothermal Systems: Computational Challenges and Possibilities 368
Rafid Al-Khoury ...