Waste Management in the Chemical and Petroleum Industries

Unravels fundamental engineering for the treatment, recovery, and disposal of solid waste, sludge and wastewater in the petroleum, chemical, and unconventional oil and gas processing industries

This new edition unravels essential requirements for the process design and engineering of the equipment and facilities pertaining to waste management for gas refineries, chemical plants, oil terminals, and petrochemical plants.

Updated throughout, Waste Management in the Chemical and Petroleum Industries, Second Edition offers chapters on wastewater treatment; physical unit operations; chemical treatment; biological treatment; and wastewater treatment in unconventional oil and gas industries. It also covers wastewater sewer systems; sewage treatment; and solid waste treatment and disposal.

New topics include:

• water pollution terminals

• the design procedure for effluent water pollution control

• spill prevention and control

• groundwater pollution control

• wastewater pollution control in crude oil terminals

• Information on the source of polymeric plants

• examination of water and wastewater radioactivity

• soil pollution

• pipeline leak consequence evaluation

Waste Management in the Chemical and Petroleum Industries, Second Edition is an ideal text for researchers and advanced students in chemical, petroleum, and environmental fields, as well as for those in civil engineering.

Autorentext

ALIREZA BAHADORI, PhD, CEng, MIChemE, CPEng, MIEAust, RPEQ, NER is a research staff member in the School of Environment, Science and Engineering at Southern Cross University, Australia, and Managing Director and CEO of Australian Oil and Gas Services, Pty. Ltd. He received his PhD from Curtin University, Western Australia and has held various positions in the process and petroleum industry for more than twenty years. He has been involved in many large scale oil and gas projects, and has written extensively on the field.

Klappentext
Unravels fundamental engineering for the treatment, recovery and disposal of solid waste, sludge and wastewater in the petroleum, chemical, and unconventional oil and gas processing industries This new edition unravels essential requirements for the process design and engineering of the equipment and facilities pertaining to waste management for gas refineries, chemical plants, oil terminals and petrochemical plants. Updated throughout, Waste Management in the Chemical and Petroleum Industries, Second Edition offers chapters on wastewater treatment; physical unit operations; chemical treatment; biological treatment; and wastewater treatment in unconventional oil and gas industries. It also covers wastewater sewer systems; sewage treatment; and solid waste treatment and disposal. New topics include:

• water pollution terminals
• the design procedure for effluent water pollution control
• spill prevention and control
• groundwater pollution control
• wastewater pollution control in crude oil terminals
• information on the source of polymeric plants
• examination of water and wastewater radioactivity
• soil pollution
• pipeline leak consequence evaluation Waste Management in the Chemical and Petroleum Industries, Second Edition is an ideal text for researchers and advanced students in chemical, petroleum and environmental fields, as well as for those in civil engineering.

Zusammenfassung
Unravels fundamental engineering for the treatment, recovery, and disposal of solid waste, sludge and wastewater in the petroleum, chemical, and unconventional oil and gas processing industries

This new edition unravels essential requirements for the process design and engineering of the equipment and facilities pertaining to waste management for gas refineries, chemical plants, oil terminals, and petrochemical plants.

Updated throughout, Waste Management in the Chemical and Petroleum Industries, Second Edition offers chapters on wastewater treatment; physical unit operations; chemical treatment; biological treatment; and wastewater treatment in unconventional oil and gas industries. It also covers wastewater sewer systems; sewage treatment; and solid waste treatment and disposal.

New topics include:

• water pollution terminals
• the design procedure for effluent water pollution control
• spill prevention and control
• groundwater pollution control
• wastewater pollution control in crude oil terminals
• Information on the source of polymeric plants
• examination of water and wastewater radioactivity
• soil pollution
• pipeline leak consequence evaluation
  Waste Management in the Chemical and Petroleum Industries, Second Edition is an ideal text for researchers and advanced students in chemical, petroleum, and environmental fields, as well as for those in civil engineering.

Inhalt

Preface xv

About the Author xix

1 Wastewater Treatment 1

1.1 Characteristics of Wastewater 2

1.1.1 Wastewater Classifications 5

1.1.2 Water Pollution Terminals 5

1.1.3 Suspended Solids 6

1.1.4 Heavy Metals 6

1.1.5 Dissolved Inorganic Solids 7

1.1.6 Toxic Organic Compounds 7

1.1.7 Surfactants 7

1.1.8 Priority Pollutants 9

1.1.9 Volatile Organic Compounds 9

1.2 Treatment Stages 9

1.2.1 Sources of Wastewater 11

1.2.2 Discharge Options and Quality Requirements 11

1.3 Effluent Water Pollution Control 13

1.3.1 Spill Prevention and Control 14

1.3.2 Groundwater Pollution Control 16

1.4 Treatment Processes 18

1.4.1 Wastewater Pollution Oil Terminals 20

1.4.2 Simple Gravity Separation 21

1.4.3 Residual Suspended Matter 21

1.4.4 Selection of Treatment Processes 22

1.5 Siting and Design 24

1.5.1 Aquatic Ecosystems 25

1.5.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems 25

1.5.3 Wetland Ecosystems 27

1.5.4 Land Use 28

1.5.5 Water Pollution Control 28

1.6 Sources of Effluent in the Petrochemical Industry 29

1.6.1 Water Pollution 29

1.6.2 Cooling Water 29

1.6.3 Washing Water and Process Water 29

1.6.4 Typical Pollutants in the Petrochemical Industry 29

1.6.5 Petrochemical Waste Treatment 30

1.6.6 Fertilizer 31

1.7 Effect of Pollution 33

1.7.1 Major Pollutants 33

1.8 Olefin Plants 34

1.8.1 Polymeric Plants 35

1.8.2 Polyvinyl Chloride Plants 36

1.8.3 Aromatic Plants 37

1.9 Environmental Protection for Industrial Waste 37

1.9.1 Important Factors in Process Selection 37

1.10 Chemical Oxygen Demand in Wastewater Systems 44

1.10.1 Determination of COD 44

1.10.2 Calculation of Theoretical Oxygen Demand 45

2 Physical Unit Operations 47

2.1 Flow Measurement 47

2.2 Screening 47

2.3 Comminution 50

2.4 Grit Removal 50

2.5 Gravity Separation 51

2.5.1 General 51

2.5.2 Application 52

2.5.3 OilWater Separators: General Design Considerations 53

2.5.4 Conventional, Rectangular Channel (API) Separators 53

2.5.5 Parallel-Plate Separators 65

2.5.6 Oil Traps 67

2.5.7 Oil Holding Basins 68

2.6 Flow Equalization 68

2.6.1 Application and Location 68

2.6.2 Volume Requirements 69

2.7 Mixing 70

2.7.1 Description and Type 70

2.7.2 Application 70

2.8 Sedimentation 71

2.8.1 Sedimentation Theory 71

2.8.2 Application and Type 73

2.8.3 Design Considerations 74

2.8.4 Number of Basins 75

2.8.5 Inlet Arrangements 75

2.8.6 Short-Circuiting 76

2.8.7 Outlet Arrangements 76

2.8.8 Detention Time 76

2.8.9 Surface Loading Rate 76

2.8.10 Factors Affecting Sedimentation 76

2.9 Dissolved Air Flotation 78

2.9.1 General 78

2.9.2 System Configuration 79

2.9.3 Variables Affecting DAF Efficiency 80

2.9.4 Treatability Testing 80

2.9.5 Design Considerations 81

2.9.6 Instruments and Control 86

2.9.7 Piping 86

2.9.8 Chemicals Facilities 87

2.9.9 Material 87

2.9.10 Estimation of Air Concentra…