The verrucarins and roridins are secondary metabolites of the soil fungi Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini et Schweinitz) Ditmar ex Fries and Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fries. The species Myrothecium belongs to the fungi imperfecti, order of Moniliales, family Tubercularia ceae (30, 17, 32). The distinction between these and other closely related fungal species is difficult. It has been studied and discussed by various authors (82, 16, 55, 75, 62, 43). Myrothecium species are parasitic on leaves of Gardenia, tomatoes, violets, kidney beans, snapdragons and other common plants. They are also found on decaying tissue and in soil. It was known earlier that cultures of the two species mentioned exhibit cellulolytic properties due to the presence of a very active cellulase which was used for the treatment of cellulose during the production of textiles [for leading references see (42, 66)]. The first investigation of the secondary metabolites of these micro organisms was carried out by BRIAN and MCGOWAN (16). They isolated a crystalline compound, designated as glutinosin and assigned the formula C4sH60016, from cultures of Metarrhizium glutinosum S. Pope, which in fact is a Myrothecium species (82, 55). Glutinosin exhibited anti fungal activity. Eight years later BOWDEN and SCHANTZ (14) described the isolation and characterization of a dermatitic or skinirritating crystal line compound melting at 38°, and possessing the formula C H 04, 1s 22 from culture filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria. They suspected the presence of additional biologically active substances.

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Inhalt
/ Contents.- Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Penicillins.- I. Introduction.- II. Nomenclature.- III. Reactions at the ?-Lactam Ring.- IV. Reactions at the Thiazolidine Ring.- V. Conclusion.- References.- The Antibiotic Complex of the Verrucarins and Roridins.- I. Introduction.- II. Production and Isolation.- III. Structure and Chemical Transformations.- IV. Total Synthesis.- V. Methods of Assay.- VI. Biosynthesis.- VII. Biological Activity.- Acknowledgement.- References.- Aflatoxins and Sterigmatocystins.- I. Introduction.- II. Isolation and Characterisation of the Mycotoxins.- III. Structural Elucidation of the Mycotoxins.- IV. Synthesis of the (±)-Forms of the Mycotoxins and of Related Compounds.- V. Biogenesis of the Mycotoxins.- VI. Conclusion.- References.- Flavonoid-Glykoside.- I. Strukturtypen von Flavonoid-O-Glykosiden und ihre Verbreitung.- II. Flavonoid-C-Glykoside.- III. Synthese von Flavonoidglykosiden.- Addenda.- Biogenetic-Type Syntheses of Polyketide Metabolites.- I. Introduction.- II. Early Studies.- III. Modern Concepts of Polyketide Biosynthesis.- IV. Experimental Support for the Polyketide Theory.- V. Syntheses of ?-Polycarbonyl Compounds.- VI. Cyclizations of ?-Polycarbonyl Compounds.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- The Chemistry of Spiro[4.5]Decane Sesquiterpenes.- A. Introduction.- B. The Acoranes and Alaskanes.- C. The Spirovetivanes.- D. Biogenetic Considerations.- E. Tables of Naturally Occurring Spiro[4.5]Decanes.- Addendum.- References.- Phorbolesters the Irritants and Cocarcinogens of Croton Tiglium L..- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fractionation of Croton Oil.- 3. Chemistry of Phorbol and of the Croton Oil Factors.- 4. Further Diterpenes and Diterpene Esters from Croton Oil.- 5. On the Biological Activities of the IsolatedDiterpenes and their Esters.- 6. Conclusions and Perspectives.- References.- Stereoselektive Totalsynthese von Indolalkaloiden..- Structure, Chemistry, and Biosynthesis of the Melanins..- I. Introduction.- II. Enzymic Nature of Melanogenesis.- III. Allomelanins.- IV. Eumelanins.- V. Phaeomelanins.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- Addendum.- Mechanisms of Corrin Dependent Enzymatic Reactions..- I. Introduction.- II. Nomenclature.- III. Properties and Reactions of Corrins and Related Compounds.- IV. Coenzyme B12 Dependent Enzymatic Reactions.- V. Corrin Dependent Enzymatic Reactions.- References.- Namenverzeichnis. Author Index.- Sachverzeichnis. Subject Index.