Informationen zum Autor Dr Jian Guo Liu, Senior Lecturer, Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, UK Dr Philippa? Mason, Teaching Associate, Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, UK Klappentext Essential Image Processing and GIS for Remote Sensing is an accessible overview of the subject and successfully draws together these three key areas in a balanced and comprehensive manner. The book provides an overview of essential techniques and a selection of key case studies in a variety of application areas.Key concepts and ideas are introduced in a clear and logical manner and described through the provision of numerous relevant conceptual illustrations. Mathematical detail is kept to a minimum and only referred to where necessary for ease of understanding. Such concepts are explained through common sense terms rather than in rigorous mathematical detail when explaining image processing and GIS techniques, to enable students to grasp the essentials of a notoriously challenging subject area.The book is clearly divided into three parts, with the first part introducing essential image processing techniques for remote sensing. The second part looks at GIS and begins with an overview of the concepts, structures and mechanisms by which GIS operates. Finally the third part introduces Remote Sensing Applications. Throughout the book the relationships between GIS, Image Processing and Remote Sensing are clearly identified to ensure that students are able to apply the various techniques that have been covered appropriately. The latter chapters use numerous relevant case studies to illustrate various remote sensing, image processing and GIS applications in practice. Zusammenfassung Essential Image Processing and GIS for Remote Sensing is an accessible overview of the subject and successfully draws together these three key areas in a balanced and comprehensive manner. The book provides an overview of essential techniques and a selection of key case studies in a variety of application areas. Inhaltsverzeichnis Overview of the Book xv Part One Image Processing 1 1 Digital Image and Display 3 1.1 What is a digital image? 3 1.2 Digital image display 4 1.2.1 Monochromatic display 4 1.2.2 Tristimulus colour theory and RGB colour display 5 1.2.3 Pseudo colour display 7 1.3 Some key points 8 Questions 8 2 Point Operations (Contrast Enhancement) 9 2.1 Histogram modification and lookup table 9 2.2 Linear contrast enhancement 11 2.2.1 Derivation of a linear function from two points 12 2.3 Logarithmic and exponential contrast enhancement 13 2.3.1 Logarithmic contrast enhancement 13 2.3.2 Exponential contrast enhancement 14 2.4 Histogram equalization 14 2.5 Histogram matching and Gaussian stretch 15 2.6 Balance contrast enhancement technique 16 2.6.1 *Derivation of coefficients, a, b and c for a BCET parabolic function 16 2.7 Clipping in contrast enhancement 18 2.8 Tips for interactive contrast enhancement 18 Questions 19 3 Algebraic Operations (Multi-image Point Operations) 21 3.1 Image addition 21 3.2 Image subtraction (differencing) 22 3.3 Image multiplication 22 3.4 Image division (ratio) 24 3.5 Index derivation and supervised enhancement 26 3.5.1 Vegetation indices 27 3.5.2 Iron oxide ratio index 28 3.5.3 TM clay (hydrated) mineral ratio index 29 3.6 Standardization and logarithmic residual 29 3.7 Simulated reflectance 29 3.7.1 Analysis of solar radiation balance and simulated irradiance 29 3.7.2 Simulated spectral reflectance image 30 3.7.3 Calculation of weights 31 3.7.4 Example: ATM simulated reflectance colour composite 32 3.7....

Autorentext

Dr Jian Guo Liu, Senior Lecturer, Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, UK Dr Philippa? Mason, Teaching Associate, Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, UK

Klappentext

Essential Image Processing and GIS for Remote Sensing is an accessible overview of the subject and successfully draws together these three key areas in a balanced and comprehensive manner. The book provides an overview of essential techniques and a selection of key case studies in a variety of application areas. Key concepts and ideas are introduced in a clear and logical manner and described through the provision of numerous relevant conceptual illustrations. Mathematical detail is kept to a minimum and only referred to where necessary for ease of understanding. Such concepts are explained through common sense terms rather than in rigorous mathematical detail when explaining image processing and GIS techniques, to enable students to grasp the essentials of a notoriously challenging subject area. The book is clearly divided into three parts, with the first part introducing essential image processing techniques for remote sensing. The second part looks at GIS and begins with an overview of the concepts, structures and mechanisms by which GIS operates. Finally the third part introduces Remote Sensing Applications. Throughout the book the relationships between GIS, Image Processing and Remote Sensing are clearly identified to ensure that students are able to apply the various techniques that have been covered appropriately. The latter chapters use numerous relevant case studies to illustrate various remote sensing, image processing and GIS applications in practice.

Inhalt

Overview of the Book xv

Part One Image Processing 1

1 Digital Image and Display 3

1.1 What is a digital image? 3

1.2 Digital image display 4

1.2.1 Monochromatic display 4

1.2.2 Tristimulus colour theory and RGB colour display 5

1.2.3 Pseudo colour display 7

1.3 Some key points 8

Questions 8

2 Point Operations (Contrast Enhancement) 9

2.1 Histogram modification and lookup table 9

2.2 Linear contrast enhancement 11

2.2.1 Derivation of a linear function from two points 12

2.3 Logarithmic and exponential contrast enhancement 13

2.3.1 Logarithmic contrast enhancement 13

2.3.2 Exponential contrast enhancement 14

2.4 Histogram equalization 14

2.5 Histogram matching and Gaussian stretch 15

2.6 Balance contrast enhancement technique 16

2.6.1 *Derivation of coefficients, a, b and c for a BCET parabolic function 16

2.7 Clipping in contrast enhancement 18

2.8 Tips for interactive contrast enhancement 18

Questions 19

3 Algebraic Operations (Multi-image Point Operations) 21

3.1 Image addition 21

3.2 Image subtraction (differencing) 22

3.3 Image multiplication 22

3.4 Image division (ratio) 24

3.5 Index derivation and supervised enhancement 26

3.5.1 Vegetation indices 27

3.5.2 Iron oxide ratio index 28

3.5.3 TM clay (hydrated) mineral ratio index 29

3.6 Standardization and logarithmic residual 29

3.7 Simulated reflectance 29

3.7.1 Analysis of solar radiation balance and simulated irradiance 29

3.7.2 Simulated spectral reflectance image 30

3.7.3 Calculation of weights 31

3.7.4 Example: ATM simulated reflectance colour composite 32

3.7.5 Comparison with ratio and logarithmic residual techniques 33

3.8 Summary 34

Questions 35

4 Filtering and Neighbourhood Processing 37

4.1 Fourier transform: understanding filtering in image frequency 37

4.2 Concepts of convolution for image filtering 39

4.3 Low-pass filters (smoothing) 40

4.3.1 Gaussian filter 41

4.3.2 The k nearest mean filter 42

4.3.3 Median filter 42

4.3.4 Adaptive median filter 42

4.3.5 The k nearest median filter 43

4.3.6 Mode (majority) filter 43

4.3.7 Conditional smoothing filter 43

4.4 High-pass filters (edge enhancement) 44

4.4.1 Gradient filters 45

4.4.2 Laplacian filters 46

4.4.3 Edge-sharpening filters 47

4.5 Local contrast enhancement 48

4.6 *FFT selective and adaptive filtering 48

4.6.1 FFT selective filtering 49

4.6.2 FFT adaptive filtering 51

4.7 Summary 54

Questions 54

5 RGB-IHS Transformation 57

5.1 Colour coordinate transf…